{"id":4215,"date":"2025-08-09T09:39:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T09:39:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/?p=4215"},"modified":"2025-08-19T10:20:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T10:20:53","slug":"what-is-wavelength-division-multiplexing-wdm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/am\/what-is-wavelength-division-multiplexing-wdm\/","title":{"rendered":"\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235 (WDM) \u121d\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1290\u12cd\u1361 \u12e8\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ad \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12602025 \u12a81.8 \u121a\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ad \u12a85G\u1363Cloud computing \u12a5\u1293 IoT \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1231 \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u121f\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u12f3\u12f2\u1235 \u1274\u12ad\u1296\u120e\u1302\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235 (WDM) \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12d8\u1295 \u12f5\u1295\u130b\u12ed \u130e\u120d\u1276 \u12ed\u1273\u12eb\u120d\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u12e5\u1228\u1276\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1313\u12d9 \u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u1235\u1208 WDM \u1218\u122d\u1206\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u12a0\u1355\u120a\u12ac\u123d\u1296\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u12dd\u121b\u121a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1325\u120d\u1240\u1275 \u12eb\u1265\u122b\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u12a8CommMesh \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1309 \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u1363 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u1208\u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1275 \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264\u1295 \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235 (WDM) \u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235 (WDM) \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad \u121b\u1235\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ad \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e8 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1209 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u1260\u121b\u1323\u1218\u122d \u12a0\u1245\u1219\u1295 \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d &quot;\u127b\u1293\u120d&quot; \u122b\u1231\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208 \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u12e5\u1228\u1275 \u12ed\u12ed\u12db\u120d\u1363 \u1263\u1295\u12f5\u12ca\u12f5\u12dd\u12f5\u12dd \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 400 Gbps \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u122d\u1325 \u12ed\u1348\u1245\u12f3\u120d\u1363 \u1265\u12d9 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121a\u1320\u1240\u1219\u1260\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u1260\u1230\u12a8\u1295\u12f5 \u1274\u122b\u1262\u1275 (Tbps) \u12ed\u12f0\u122d\u1233\u120d\u1362 \u12601980\u12ce\u1279 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1308\u1263\u12cd WDM \u12a8\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca \u12e8\u1274\u120c\u12ae\u1219\u1292\u12ac\u123d\u1295 \u12f5\u130b\u134d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca \u1275\u130d\u1260\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u123b\u123d\u120f\u120d\u1362 \u12a82025 \u1300\u121d\u122e\u1363 \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u1275\u122b\u134a\u12ad \u1260\u12e818-24 \u12c8\u1229 \u1260\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d (\u1260\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cisco<\/a>), \u12f0\u1265\u120a\u12cd\u12f2\u12a4\u121d \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u122d\u1240\u1275\u1363 \u121c\u1275\u122e \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u12f3\u1228\u123b \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/WDM.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"888\" height=\"689\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/WDM.jpg\" alt=\"WDM\" class=\"wp-image-4219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/WDM.jpg 888w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/WDM-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/WDM-768x596.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/WDM-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/WDM-600x466.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">WDM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235\u12ad\u1235 \u1218\u122d\u1206\u12ce\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>WDM \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u122b\u12cd \u12601260-1675 nm \u12ad\u120d\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u123a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u1229 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u130d\u134d \u1230\u134a\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d\u1363 \u1260\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1260 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 0.2 dB\/km \u12601550 nm)\u1362 \u12cb\u1293\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u122d\u1206\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u12ab\u1275\u1273\u1209:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u121d\u12f0\u1263<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 \u127b\u1293\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275\u1363 0.8 nm (100 GHz) \u12c8\u12ed\u121d 0.4 nm (50 GHz) \u1260\u1232 \u1263\u1295\u12f5 (1530-1565 nm) \u12c8\u12ed\u121d L-band (1565-1625 nm)\u1363 \u1260 ITU-T G.694.1 \u134d\u122d\u130d\u122d\u130d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 40 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d \u1260100 GHz \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 16 Tbps \u1260\u1230\u122d\u1325 400 Gbps \u12ed\u1230\u1323\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u121b\u1263\u12db\u1275\u1293 \u121b\u1263\u12db\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u121b\u1263\u12db\u1275\u1362<\/strong>: Multixer (MUX) \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1323\u1218\u122d \u1235\u1235-\u134a\u120d\u121d \u121b\u1323\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u12f0\u1229 \u12cc\u126d\u130b\u12ed\u12f5 \u130d\u122c\u1272\u1295\u130d\u1235 (AWGs)\u1363 \u12e8&lt;0.5 dB \u121b\u1235\u1308\u1262\u12eb \u1218\u1325\u134b\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Demultiplexing<\/strong>Demultiplexer (DEMUX) \u1260\u1270\u1240\u1263\u12e9 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1208\u12eb\u120d\u1363 \u12a8 -30 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1235\u1240\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1233\u1230\u1262\u12eb\u1361 \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u122d \u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12a4\u12f2\u12a4\u134d\u12a4\u12ce\u127d) \u1260\u12e8 80-100 \u12aa\u121c \u12e8\u121a\u1328\u121d\u1229 \u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u120820\u201325 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12aa\u1233\u122b \u121b\u12ab\u12ab\u123b\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1265\u122d\u1203\u1295 \u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1232\u130d\u1293\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1313\u12d9\u1275 \u1260\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12ae\u122d (\u12a0\u1295\u1338\u1263\u122b\u1242 \u12a2\u1295\u12f4\u12ad\u1235 ~1.46) \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12cd\u1235\u1323\u12ca \u1290\u1338\u1265\u122b\u1245 \u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u1260\u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1363 17 \u1352\u12a4\u1235\/ nm\/\u12aa\u121c) \u1260\u1270\u1260\u1273\u1270\u1290 \u121b\u12ab\u12ab\u123b \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d (\u12f2\u1232\u12a4\u134d) \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1263\u1208\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u12f5\u1265\u120d\u1245 \u12eb\u1209 \u1240\u1325\u1270\u129b \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d Multiplexing \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e8WDM \u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1276\u127d \u1208\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u12a0\u1245\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12c8\u132a \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1276\u127d \u12eb\u121f\u120b\u1209\u1361<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u123b\u12ab\u122b \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235 (CWDM)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1218\u122d\u1205<\/strong>: \u1230\u134a \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275\u1295 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d (20 nm \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c 1470-1610 nm)\u1363 \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f3\u1278\u12cd 2.5-10 Gbps 18 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1325\u1245\u121e\u127d<\/strong>\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12cb\u130b ($500\u2013$2000 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 MUX) \u12a5\u1293 \u1240\u120b\u120d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad\u1235\u1363 \u1260&lt;3 dB \u12aa\u1233\u122b\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/strong>\u12a0\u132d\u122d \u122d\u1240\u1275 (50-80 \u12aa\u121c) \u12e8\u121c\u1275\u122e \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u130d\u1262 \u121b\u1308\u1293\u129b\u12ce\u127d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1308\u12f0\u1266\u127d<\/strong>\u1260\u1230\u134a \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12088-18 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1260\u1363 \u1260ITU-T G.694.2\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1325\u1245\u1325\u1245 \u1263\u1208 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235\u1295\u130d (DWDM)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1218\u122d\u1205<\/strong>\u1320\u1263\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 (0.8 nm \u12c8\u12ed\u121d 100 GHz\u1363 \u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c 1530\u20131565 nm)\u1363 \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f3\u1278\u12cd 40\u201396 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u12a810\u2013400 Gbps \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1325\u1245\u121e\u127d<\/strong>\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12a0\u1245\u121d (\u12a5\u1235\u12a8 96 Tbps)\u1363 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u122d\u1325 \u1260&lt;0.5dB \u12aa\u1233\u122b\u1363 \u1260 EDFAs \u1260\u12e8 80 \u12aa.\u121c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/strong>\u1228\u1305\u121d \u122d\u1240\u1275 (100-3000 \u12aa\u121c) \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1300\u122d\u1263 \u12a0\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u122e\u127d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1308\u12f0\u1266\u127d<\/strong>: \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12c8\u132a ($5000-$10,000 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275) \u12a5\u1293 \u12cd\u1235\u1265\u1235\u1265 \u12e8\u1219\u1240\u1275 \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d (\u00b1 0.1 \u00b0 \u1234).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1263\u1208\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1245\u1323\u132b WDM (BWDM)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u1218\u122d\u1205<\/strong>\u1208\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c 1310 nm \u12a5\u1293 1550 nm) \u1208\u1270\u134b\u1230\u1231 \u12a5\u1293 \u1208\u1273\u127d \u1275\u122b\u134a\u12ad \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1325\u1245\u121e\u127d<\/strong>\u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u1260\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1363 \u1260&lt;1 dB \u12aa\u1233\u122b\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/strong>FTTH (\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1264\u1275) \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1290\u1235\u1270\u129b \u1218\u1320\u1295 \u12eb\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1308\u12f0\u1266\u127d<\/strong>\u1208 0.2 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u130b\u1208\u1320\u1363 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u121b\u1323\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8WDM \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u12ca \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>WDM \u1260\u120d\u12e9 \u1203\u122d\u12f5\u12cc\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u1290\u12cd\u1361-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u120b\u120b\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ee\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u120c\u12d8\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1291 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d\u1295 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 1550.12 nm) \u12a8\u00b10.1 nm \u1218\u1228\u130b\u130b\u1275 \u130b\u122d\u1363 \u126010\u2013400 Gbps NRZ \u12c8\u12ed\u121d QAM \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u12e8\u1228 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ee\u127d \u12e8 -28 \u12f2\u1262\u12a4\u121d \u1235\u121c\u1273\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1208\u12e8\u1275 photodiodes \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1328\u121b\u122a-\u121b\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1230\u122e\u127d (OADMs)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>OADM\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u130d\u1208\u1230\u1265 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u1209 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12ed\u1325\u120b\u1209 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 1550.92 nm) \u1260&lt;0.3 dB \u1218\u1325\u134b\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1265 \u1270\u1208\u12cb\u12cb\u132d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u120899.9% \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u1230\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u1240\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1276\u1356\u120e\u1302\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u12cd\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) \u1260\u12e8 80-100 \u12aa.\u121c \u12a820-30 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u130b\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u1232-\u1263\u1295\u12f5 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a85-7 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12e8\u12f5\u121d\u133d \u121d\u1235\u120d \u12ed\u1220\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u122b\u121b\u1295 \u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12a815-20 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1275\u122d\u134d \u130b\u122d \u12c8\u12f0 150 \u12aa.\u121c \u12ed\u12f0\u122d\u1233\u1209.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1270\u1260\u1273\u1270\u1290 \u121b\u12ab\u12ab\u123b<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u12f2\u1232\u12a4\u134d \u121e\u1301\u120e\u127d \u12e817 ps\/nm\/km \u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12ad\u120b\u1209\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a81000 \u12aa.\u121c \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 0.5\u20131 dB \u12aa\u1233\u122b\u1295 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12e810% \u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1218\u12db\u1263\u1275\u1295 \u12ed\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u121b\u1294 \u12ad\u134d\u120d Multiplexing \u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e8WDM \u1201\u1208\u1308\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12a82025 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1208\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ad \u12a0\u122d\u12ad\u1274\u12ad\u1278\u122d\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1228\u1305\u121d \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1300\u122d\u1263 \u12a0\u1325\u1295\u1275 \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DWDM \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12e8\u12cd\u1245\u12eb\u1296\u1235 \u12ac\u1265\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u1209\u1363 \u126096 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d 38.4 Tbps \u12a810,000 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1260\u12e8 80 \u12aa.\u121c. \u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 \u12e82025 \u12e8\u12a4\u12e5\u12eb-\u1353\u1232\u134a\u12ad \u12ac\u1265\u120d \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ad (APCN-3) 50 Tbps \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f5 DWDM \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegeography.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u1274\u120c\u1302\u12a6\u130d\u122b\u134a<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1233\u1230\u1262\u12eb\u1361 EDFA\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1275-\u12c8\u12f0-\u132b\u132b\u1273 \u122c\u123e\u1295 (SNR) \u12a820 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1246\u12eb\u1209\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1218\u1320\u1295 \u12a810^-12 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u121c\u1275\u122e \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u12f3\u1228\u123b \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CWDM \u1208 50-80 \u12aa\u121c \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1240\u1208\u1260\u1276\u127d \u1270\u1235\u121b\u121a \u1290\u12cd, \u12a8 8-18 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f3\u1278\u12cd 10 Gbps, \u12a8 DWDM \u130b\u122d \u1232\u1290\u133b\u1338\u122d \u12c8\u132a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260 40% \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d. \u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 \u12e8\u126c\u122a\u12de\u1295 \u121c\u1275\u122e \u121b\u1230\u121b\u122b\u1276\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u121c\u122a\u12ab \u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d CWDM\u1295 \u1208 5G fronthaul \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1209\u1363 100 Gbps \u12a0\u1308\u1293\u129e\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BWDM FTTH\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u1245\u1323\u132b \u12eb\u1208\u12cd 1310\/1550 nm \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d 1 Gbps \u1260\u1264\u1275\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120e\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DWDM \u12a8100 \u121c\u1275\u122d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1218\u12f0\u122d\u12f0\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1308\u1293\u129b\u120d\u1363 \u126040 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d \u1260400 Gbps \u1260\u12f5\u121d\u1229 16 Tbps\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 Amazon Web Services (AWS) \u12eb\u1209 \u120d\u12d5\u1208-\u1235\u12ac\u120d \u134b\u1232\u120a\u1272\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u12a5\u1208\u1271 \u1354\u1273\u1263\u12ed\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f5 \u1260DWDM \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1270\u121b\u1218\u1293\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u12ca \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 OADMs \u1270\u1208\u12cb\u12cb\u132d \u12e8\u1230\u122d\u1325 \u1218\u12cd\u12f0\u1245\u1295 \u12ed\u1348\u1245\u12f3\u1209\u1363 \u12a850 \u121a\u1234 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12e8\u121b\u12cb\u1240\u122d \u130a\u12dc\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12ab\u121d\u1353\u1235 \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CWDM \u1205\u1295\u133b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u126010 Gbps \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u122d\u1325 \u12eb\u1308\u1293\u129b\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12cb\u130b MUX\/DEMUX \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d\u1362 \u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 \u1260\u12a0\u12cd\u122e\u1353 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1209 \u12e9\u1295\u1268\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12ce\u127d CWDM \u1208\u12ab\u121d\u1353\u1235 \u1230\u134a \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1209\u1363 \u1260 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etsi.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ETSI<\/a> \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1276\u127d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8WDM \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e8WDM \u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d \u1260\u1241\u120d\u134d \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1308\u1218\u1308\u121b\u120d\u1361-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1230\u122d\u1325 \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DWDM \u12a840\u201396 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d (\u12a5\u1235\u12a8 96 Tbps \u12f5\u121d\u122d) \u12eb\u1240\u122d\u1263\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u1230\u122d\u1325 \u1273\u122a\u134e\u127d \u12a810\u2013400 Gbps \u12c8\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u12eb (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c QPSK \u12c8\u12ed\u121d 16-QAM)\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8CWDM \u1308\u12f0\u1265 \u1208 18 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d (\u12a5\u1235\u12a8 180 Gbps)\u1363 \u1208\u12c8\u132a \u121a\u1235\u1325\u122b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12cd\u1245\u122e\u127d \u1270\u1235\u121b\u121a\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 \u12e8 Spectral \u1245\u120d\u1325\u134d\u1293 \u1260DWDM \u12a84\u20138 \u1262\u1275\/\u1230\/\u12b8\u122d \u12ed\u12f0\u122d\u1233\u120d\u1363 \u1260 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-G.694.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ITU-T G.694.1<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u121b\u12f3\u12a8\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u1235<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u1265\u12ad\u1290\u1275 (0.2 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \/ \u12aa\u121c \u1260 1550 nm) \u1260 EDFAs (20-30 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1275\u122d\u134d) \u12ed\u12ab\u1233\u120d, \u12eb\u1208 \u12f3\u130d\u121d \u1218\u12c8\u1208\u12f5 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 1000 \u12aa.\u121c \u12ed\u12f0\u122d\u1233\u120d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275 (17 ps\/nm\/km) \u1260DCF \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u1262\u1275 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1270\u1218\u1296\u127d\u1295 (BER) \u12a810^-9 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u1260\u121b\u1246\u12e8\u1275\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1275\u1361 \u12e8CWDM \u1270\u12f0\u122b\u123d\u1290\u1275 80 \u12aa\u121c \u12eb\u1208 \u121b\u1309\u120b\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u12a8 DWDM 3000 \u12aa\u121c \u12a8\u122b\u121b\u1295 \u12a0\u121d\u1355\u1235 \u130b\u122d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12ad\u122e\u1235\u1276\u12ad \u12a5\u1293 \u132b\u132b\u1273<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u1230\u122d\u1325 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12a8 -30 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u12a8 AWG \u121b\u1323\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12ed\u1240\u1218\u1323\u120d\u1363 \u12e8 EDFA \u12e8\u12f5\u121d\u133d \u12a0\u1203\u12de\u127d (4-6 dB) SNR \u1295 \u12a820\u201325 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12ed\u1308\u12f5\u1263\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u122b\u1235-\u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u12eb (SPM) \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u1218\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d &lt;5 dBm \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u122d\u1325 \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229\u1275\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121b\u121b\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u12d8\u130d\u12e8\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u12f0\u1265\u120a\u12cd\u12f2\u12a4\u121d \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121e\u127d 99.999% \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u130a\u12dc\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12eb\u1233\u120d\u134b\u1209\u1363\u1260 MUX\/DEMUX &lt;0.1 ms latency\/ \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1218\u122d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u12ca \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 OSNR (\u12e8\u1328\u1228\u122d \u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d-\u12c8\u12f0-\u132b\u132b\u1273 \u1325\u121d\u122d\u1273) \u1208 400 Gbps \u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275 \u12a820 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1218\u1265\u1208\u1325 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>\u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>CWDM<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>DWDM<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>BWDM<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d<\/td><td>8\u201318<\/td><td>40\u201396<\/td><td>2\u20134<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 (\u1302\u1262\u1260\u1230\/\u127b\u1293\u120d)<\/td><td>2.5\u201310<\/td><td>10\u2013400<\/td><td>1\u201310<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u1218\u12f5\u1228\u1235 (\u12aa\u121c)<\/td><td>50\u201380<\/td><td>100-3000<\/td><td>20\u201350<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u12e8\u121b\u1235\u1308\u1263\u1275 \u12aa\u1233\u122b (\u12f2\u1262)<\/td><td>&lt;3<\/td><td>&lt;0.5<\/td><td>&lt;1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u12c8\u132a ($ \u1260 MUX)<\/td><td>500-2000<\/td><td>5000-10000<\/td><td>100\u2013500<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">WDM\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1209 \u1270\u130d\u12f3\u122e\u1276\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e8WDM \u12dd\u122d\u130b\u1273 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u12ca \u1218\u1230\u1293\u12ad\u120e\u127d \u12eb\u130b\u1325\u1219\u1273\u120d\u1361<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12c8\u132a \u12a5\u1293 \u12cd\u1235\u1265\u1235\u1265\u1290\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8DWDM \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u120c\u12d8\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u1235\u1240\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 $50,000\u2013$100,000 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u134d\u120b\u1209\u1362 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd\u1361 CWDM \u1260\u1260\u1300\u1275 \u1208\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1241 \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d\u1363 \u12c8\u132a\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u126050% \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1260\u1219\u1240\u1275 \u1218\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122a\u12eb \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12cd\u1235\u1265\u1235\u1265\u1290\u1275 (\u00b1 0.1 \u00b0 \u1234) \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u1218\u1228\u130b\u130b\u1275 \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u121b\u1235\u12ac\u1303\u1295 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1218\u1260\u1273\u1270\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1240\u1325\u1270\u129b \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chromatic disspersion (17 ps\/nm\/km) \u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12a8100 \u12aa.\u121c \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12dd\u1245 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12e810% BER \u132d\u121b\u122a \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1275\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd\u1361 \u12e8\u12f2\u1232\u12a4\u134d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12f2\u1302\u1273\u120d \u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1355\u122e\u1230\u1232\u1295\u130d (DSP) \u127a\u1355\u1235 90% \u12e8\u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12ad\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1263\u1208\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u121b\u12f0\u1263\u1208\u1245 (FWM) \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1203\u12ed\u120d (&gt; 5 \u12f2\u1262\u12a4\u121d) \u12e8\u1218\u1235\u1240\u1208\u129b \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5\u1295 \u12ed\u1348\u1325\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u1361 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u1208 \u12e8\u1230\u122d\u1325 \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1356\u120b\u122b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u1265\u12dc\u1275 \u1218\u1328\u1218\u122d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u121b\u1309\u120b\u1275 \u1308\u12f0\u1266\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12a2\u12f2\u12a4\u134d\u12a4\u12ce\u127d \u1232-\u1263\u1295\u12f5 (1530-1565 nm) \u1265\u127b \u12eb\u130e\u120b\u1209\u1363 \u1230\u122d\u1326\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1308\u12f5\u1263\u1209\u1362 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u1361 \u12e8\u122b\u121b\u1295 \u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a4\u120d-\u1263\u1295\u12f5 (1565-1625 nm) \u12ed\u12d8\u120d\u1243\u1209\u1363 40 \u1230\u122d\u1326\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u12f5\u121d\u1345 \u12ad\u121d\u127d\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u121b\u1309\u12eb \u12f0\u1228\u1303 OSNR \u1260 5 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d. \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd\u1361 \u12c8\u12f0 \u134a\u1275 \u12e8\u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u12eb (\u12a4\u134d\u12a2\u1232) BER\u1295 \u126010^-6 \u12eb\u123b\u123d\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1218\u1320\u1295 \u127d\u130d\u122d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1230\u122d\u1326\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1203\u12a8\u1208\u129b \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1265 \u121b\u12a8\u120d OADMs \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1363 \u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f3\u1278\u12cd 0.3 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12aa\u1233\u122b\u1362 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd\u1361 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u120a\u12cb\u1240\u1229 \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u1209 OADMs (ROADMs) \u1270\u1208\u12cb\u12cb\u132d \u1218\u12f0\u1218\u122d\u1295 \u1260&lt;1 \u12f0\u1242\u1243 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1290\u1243\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1325\u1245\u1325\u1245 \u1263\u1208 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1235\u1354\u12ad\u1275\u1228\u121d \u12f5\u12ab\u121d\u1362 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u1361 \u1270\u1323\u1323\u134a \u134d\u122d\u130d\u122d\u130d WDM (flexi-WDM) \u12a812.5GHz \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1260\u12a5\u1325\u134d \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1260 Wavelength Division Multiplexing \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u12dd\u121b\u121a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e82025 \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u134d\u1295\u12f3\u1273\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u121f\u120b\u1275 WDM \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1308 \u1290\u12cd\u1361-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u120d\u12d5\u1208-\u1325\u1245\u1325\u1245 WDM (SD-WDM)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>200+ \u1230\u122d\u1326\u127d\u1295 \u126025GHz \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u120d\u1363\u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d 80Tbps \u121b\u1233\u12ab\u1275\u1362 \u12a8Huawei \u12d2\u120b\u121b 2026 \u121b\u1230\u121b\u122b\u1275 \u121d\u1233\u120c\u12ce\u127d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 \u12e8\u120b\u1240 DSP \u1208 8 \u1262\u1275\/\u1230\/\u12b8\u122d \u1245\u120d\u1325\u134d\u1293 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12c8\u1325 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 WDM<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12a81000 \u12aa.\u121c \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1208 800 Gbps \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u122d\u1325 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u12eb (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 DP-QPSK) \u12a8 OSNR&gt;25 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u130b\u122d \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1362 \u1260 40% \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12e8\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12a0\u1308\u1293\u129e\u127d (\u1260\u1274\u120c\u1302\u12a6\u130d\u122b\u134a) \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u130d\u129d\u1277\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u1218\u1235\u1218\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u120b\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u1345\u12a5\u1296\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u1361- \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u121d\u12f0\u12c9 \u12a5\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275 \u126020% \u1218\u12db\u1263\u1275\u1295 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1270\u12cb\u1203\u12f1 \u134e\u1276\u1292\u12ad\u1235<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u1232\u120a\u12ae\u1295 \u134e\u1276\u1292\u12ad\u1235 MUX\/DEMUX \u127a\u1356\u127d \u1218\u1320\u1291\u1295 \u126050% \u12a5\u1293 \u12c8\u132a\u1295 \u126030% \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u1208\u12f3\u1273 \u121b\u12a5\u12a8\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u1218\u1241 \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 Intel&#039;s 2025 chips 100 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u12600.2 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12aa\u1233\u122b \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI-\u12e8\u1270\u1218\u127b\u1278 WDM<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AI \u1235\u120d\u1270 \u1240\u1218\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1230\u122d\u1325 \u121d\u12f0\u1263\u1295 \u12ed\u1270\u1290\u1265\u12eb\u1209\u1363 \u12e8\u1235\u1354\u12ad\u1275\u1228\u121d \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1295 \u126025% \u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1283\u12ed\u120d \u134d\u1306\u1273\u1295 \u126015% \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1362 \u1260Nokia \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u1219\u12a8\u122b\u12ce\u127d 99.99% \u12e8\u1235\u122b \u1230\u12d3\u1275 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u12ca \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 \u12e8\u121b\u123d\u1295 \u1218\u121b\u122a\u12eb \u121e\u12f4\u120e\u127d \u1208\u1270\u1208\u12cb\u12cb\u132d \u1218\u120d\u1236 \u121b\u12cb\u1240\u122d OSNR\u1295 \u1260\u1245\u133d\u1260\u1275 \u12ed\u1270\u1290\u1275\u1293\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u121b\u1320\u1243\u1208\u12eb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235 (WDM) \u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d\u1295 (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c 1310\u20131550 nm) \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u121b\u1263\u12db\u1275\u1363 \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12aa\u1233\u122b (0.2 \u12f2\u1262\/\u12aa\u121c) \u12e8 Tbps \u12a0\u1245\u121d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1233\u12ab\u1275 \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad\u1235\u1295 \u12a0\u1265\u12ee\u1275 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u130b\u120d\u1362 \u12a8CWDM \u12c8\u132a \u1246\u1323\u1262 \u12e8\u121c\u1275\u122e \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12c8\u12f0 DWDM \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1325\u130d\u130d\u1275 \u12e8\u1300\u122d\u1263 \u12a0\u1325\u1295\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u12e8WDM \u12e8\u121b\u1263\u12db\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u121b\u1309\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u121b\u12ab\u12ab\u123b \u1218\u122d\u1206\u12ce\u127d \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca \u12e8\u1274\u120c\u12ae\u1219\u1292\u12ac\u123d\u1295 \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1295\u1240\u1233\u1245\u1233\u1209\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12c8\u132a \u12a5\u1293 \u1240\u1325\u1270\u129b \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296\u12ce\u127d \u12eb\u1209 \u1270\u130d\u12f3\u122e\u1276\u127d \u1262\u1296\u1229\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 ROADMs \u12a5\u1293 DSP \u12eb\u1209 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1320\u1290 \u1230\u134a\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u1209\u1362 \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u12dd\u121b\u121a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1363 SD-WDM \u12a5\u1293 AI \u12cd\u1205\u12f0\u1275\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e\u1363 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u1245\u120d\u1325\u134d\u1293\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1299 \u1243\u120d \u1308\u1265\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u1208WDM \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u12eb\u1235\u1231 <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/am\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CommMesh<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12602025 \u12a81.8 \u121a\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ad \u12a85G\u1363Cloud computing \u12a5\u1293 IoT \u12e8\u121a\u1290\u1231 \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u121f\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u12f3\u12f2\u1235 \u1274\u12ad\u1296\u120e\u1302\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1270 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u120d \u1218\u120d\u1272\u1355\u120c\u12ad\u1235 (WDM) \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12d8\u1295 \u12f5\u1295\u130b\u12ed \u130e\u120d\u1276 \u12ed\u1273\u12eb\u120d\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u12e5\u1228\u1276\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1313\u12d9 \u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12c8\u12f0 \u1218\u122d\u1206\u127d\u1363 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1363 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4219,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"What is Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM): A Technical 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