{"id":4278,"date":"2025-08-21T10:42:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T10:42:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/?p=4278"},"modified":"2025-10-11T09:04:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T09:04:10","slug":"understanding-osnr-a-key-metric-in-optical-communication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/am\/understanding-osnr-a-key-metric-in-optical-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"OSNR\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275\u1361 \u1260\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1241\u120d\u134d \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u1260\u134d\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u12f0\u130d \u120b\u12ed \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12ae\u1219\u1292\u12ac\u123d\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u12ad\u12a0 \u121d\u12f5\u122b\u12ca \u12a0\u1240\u121b\u1218\u1325 \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u12c8\u12f0 \u132b\u132b\u1273 \u122c\u123e (OSNR) \u12e8\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275\u1295 \u1325\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121b\u121b\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u1235\u1295 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb \u1206\u1296 \u12ed\u1246\u121b\u120d\u1362 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12a8\u12a6\u1308\u1235\u1275 2025 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1208\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u130d\u134a\u1275 - \u1260 5\u1302 \u1363 \u1260Cloud \u12ae\u121d\u1352\u12cd\u1270\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u120b\u1240 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d - \u1320\u1295\u12ab\u122b \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122f\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 100 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12a8400 Gbps \u1260\u121a\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 100 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1265\u122d\u1203\u1295 \u121d\u1275 \u1218\u1228\u1303\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u120b\u120d\u1349 \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121e\u127d\u1363 \u1260\u1329\u12b8\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 \u1260 OSNR \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1270\u121b\u1218\u1293\u1209\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12a8CommMesh \u12e8\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204 \u1203\u1233\u1266\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u12a2\u1295\u1302\u1290\u122e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u130b\u1300\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8 OSNR \u1345\u1295\u1230-\u1203\u1233\u1265\u1363 \u120d\u12ac\u1271\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1320\u1240\u121c\u1273 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u121d\u1273\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u12f3\u1235\u1233\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1260\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8 OSNR \u1218\u130d\u1262\u12eb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>OSNR\u1363 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u122d \u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d-\u12c8\u12f0-\u132b\u132b\u1273 \u122c\u123e\u1363\u12e8\u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1203\u12ed\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12f5\u121d\u133d \u1203\u12ed\u120d \u1325\u121d\u122d\u1273 \u1260\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ed\u1208\u12ab\u120d\u1363\u1260\u1270\u1208\u121d\u12f6 \u1260\u12f2\u1232\u1265\u120d\u1235 (\u12f2\u1262) \u12ed\u1308\u1208\u133b\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) \u12ab\u1209 \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u121d\u1355\u120a\u134b\u12ed\u12f5 \u12f5\u1295\u1308\u1270\u129b \u120d\u1240\u1275\u1295 (ASE) \u12ab\u1209 \u12a8\u1260\u1235\u1270\u1300\u122d\u1263 \u132b\u132b\u1273 \u12a0\u1295\u1343\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1208\u1308\u12cd \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1275 \u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1273\u12ed \u12ed\u1208\u12ab\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d, \u12e8\u1275 <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/am\/fibre-optic-signal-loss-and-attenuation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u1218\u1218\u1293\u1218\u1295<\/a> 0.2 \u12f2\u1262\u1262\/\u12aa\u121c \u120a\u12f0\u122d\u1235 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121e\u127d \u1265\u12d9 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u1209 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u12ad\u134d\u134d\u120d \u1265\u12dc\u1275 (\u121e\u1308\u12f5)<a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/am\/what-is-wavelength-division-multiplexing-wdm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WDM<\/a>\u12e8\u1262\u1275 \u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u1270\u1218\u1296\u127d\u1295 (BER)\u1295 \u12a810^-12 \u1260\u1273\u127d \u1208\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b OSNR \u121b\u1246\u12e8\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u1260\u1234\u12ae\u1295\u12f5 \u1274\u122b\u1262\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1270\u1293\u1308\u12f5 \u1232\u1218\u12d8\u1291\u1363 OSNR\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1275 \u12e8\u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ad \u12f2\u12db\u12ed\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1348\u1343\u1340\u121d \u12e8\u121b\u12d5\u12d8\u1295 \u12f5\u1295\u130b\u12ed \u1206\u1297\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR.jpg\" alt=\"OSNR\" class=\"wp-image-4281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-768x522.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-600x408.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">OSNR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8 OSNR \u1218\u1230\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u1290\u1308\u122e\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>OSNR \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd \u12ed\u1308\u1208\u133b\u120d\u1361-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OSNR=10\u22c5log\u206110(PsignalPnoise) OSNR = 10 \\cdot \\log_{10} \\left( \\frac{P_{\\text{signal}}}}{P_{\\text{noise}}} \\\u1240\u129d) OSNR=10\u22c5log10\u200b(Pnoise)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Psignal P_{\\text{signal}} Psignal \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1203\u12ed\u120d \u1232\u1206\u1295 Pnoise P_{\\text{noise}} \u1355\u1296\u12ed\u1235 \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1263\u1295\u12f5\u12ca\u12f5\u12dd \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1329\u12b8\u1275 \u1203\u12ed\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1363\u1260\u1270\u1208\u121d\u12f6 \u12a80.1 nm \u1260\u120b\u12ed (12.5 GHz \u12601550 nm) \u12ed\u1208\u12ab\u120d\u1362 \u1241\u120d\u134d \u1308\u133d\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u12ab\u1275\u1273\u1209:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1329\u12b8\u1275 \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1328\u1218\u1228\u12cd \u12f5\u1295\u1308\u1270\u129b \u120d\u1240\u1275 (ASE)<\/strong>\u1260 EDFAs \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1320\u1228\u1363 \u1260\u12e8 80-100 \u12aa.\u121c \u132b\u132b\u1273 \u1260\u1228\u1305\u121d \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1240\u1325\u1270\u129b \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296\u12ce\u127d<\/strong>\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1263\u1208 \u12a0\u122b\u1275-\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u12f5\u1265\u120d\u1245 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u122b\u1235-\u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u12eb \u1363 \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1363 \u1325\u1245\u1325\u1245 \u12eb\u1209 WDM \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u121b\u1308\u1293\u129b \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u1209 \u12aa\u1233\u122b\u12ce\u127d<\/strong>\u1260\u12a5\u12eb\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f1 \u12e8 0.1 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12aa\u1233\u122b \u1290\u1325\u1265 \u132b\u132b\u1273 \u12eb\u1260\u122d\u12ad\u1271\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f1 \u12e8OSNR \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u1228\u1305\u121d \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d: 20-30 dB, \u1208 40 Gbps \u1230\u122d\u1326\u127d \u1260\u1242.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u121c\u1275\u122e \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d\u1361 15-25 \u12f2\u1262\u1262\u1363 \u12a850 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u1260\u120b\u12ed 10 Gbps \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u1308\u134d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1233\u1230\u1262\u12eb\u1361 OSNR \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u121b\u1309\u12eb \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12601 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u12e8\u1275\u122d\u134d \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1260\u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u133d\u12a5\u1296<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8 3 \u12f2\u1262 OSNR \u1245\u1290\u1233 BER\u1295 \u12a8 10 ^ -12 \u12c8\u12f0 10 ^ -9 \u120a\u1328\u121d\u122d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d \u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u1293 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u12d8\u130d\u12e8\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1275\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b OSNR (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c\u1361 35 \u12f2\u1262\u1262) \u1260400 Gbps \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12c8\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1245 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8 OSNR \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>OSNR \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12ab\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1235\u1354\u12ad\u1275\u1228\u121d \u1270\u1295\u1273\u129e\u127d (OSAs) \u120d\u12e9 \u1218\u1233\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12f5\u121d\u133d \u1203\u12ed\u120d\u1295 \u12600.1 nm \u1218\u1235\u12ae\u1275 \u12ed\u1348\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u120d\u121d\u12f6\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1209\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u12ab\u1275\u1273\u1209:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ITU-T \u121d\u12ad\u122e\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-G.697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ITU-T G.697<\/a> \u12e8 OSNR \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb\u1295 \u1208DWDM \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u133b\u120d\u1363 \u12e8 0.1 nm \u12e8\u121b\u1323\u1240\u123b \u1263\u1295\u12f5\u12ca\u12f5\u12dd \u12ed\u1218\u12ad\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1233\u1230\u1262\u12eb\u1361 \u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u1270\u122d\u1356\u120b\u123d\u1295 \u12d8\u12f4\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1325\u130d\u130d\u1275 \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u1263\u1295\u12f1 \u12cd\u132a \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12f5\u121d\u133d \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12ad\u120b\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1270\u130d\u12f3\u122e\u1276\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1260\u12f0\u1265\u120d\u12e9\u12f2\u12a4\u121d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u12a0\u130e\u122b\u1263\u127d \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1323\u12cd \u12e8\u1263\u1295\u12f5 \u132b\u132b\u1273 \u1295\u1263\u1266\u127d\u1295 \u120a\u12eb\u12db\u1263 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u1356\u120b\u122b\u12ed\u12dc\u123d\u1295 \u1325\u1308\u129b \u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ae\u127d\u1295 \u12ed\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u1361 \u12602025 \u1260\u12cb\u1293 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u12a0\u1245\u122b\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u12f0\u12cd \u12e8\u12cd\u1235\u1320-\u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u12ad\u1275\u1275\u120d\u1295 \u126099% \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1308\u12f0\u1266\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>400 Gbps systems require OSNR > 25 dB, while 100 Gbps needs > 18 dB, per industry benchmarks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u1260\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121d\u1235 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8 OSNR \u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12e8 OSNR \u121a\u1293 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u122d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1274\u120c\u12ae\u1219\u1292\u12ac\u123d\u1295\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u1228\u1305\u121d \u122d\u1240\u1275 \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12a81000 \u12aa.\u121c \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1325\u122b\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1320\u1260\u1245 \u1260 OSNR \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1270\u121b\u1218\u1293\u1209\u1363 \u12a2\u12f2\u12a4\u134d\u12a4\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12e8 80 \u12aa\u121c\u12cd \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u121c\u1275\u122e \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12e810 Gbps \u1218\u1228\u130b\u130b\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 OSNR\u1295 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1209\u1363 \u1208 5G backhaul \u12c8\u1233\u129d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1361 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b OSNR \u1325\u1245\u1325\u1245 \u12eb\u1208 \u12e8\u121e\u1308\u12f5 \u122d\u12dd\u1218\u1275 \u1265\u12dc\u1275 \u121b\u1263\u12db\u1275\u1295 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u1274\u122b\u1262\u1275 \u12a0\u1245\u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120e\u127d\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Short-range links (100\u2013500 m) require OSNR > 20 dB to handle 100 Gbps traffic in multimode fibers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1260\u1203\u12ed\u1350\u122d\u12ac\u120d \u134b\u1232\u120a\u1272\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12c8\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u121b\u12c8\u1242\u12eb \u12a8\u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275-\u1290\u133b 400 Gbps 30 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 OSNR \u12ed\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1361- \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1218\u1320\u130b\u130b\u1275 \u1263\u1208 \u1265\u12d9 \u1218\u12f0\u122d\u12f0\u122a\u12eb \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121b\u121b\u129d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1233\u12ed\u1295\u1233\u12ca \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b OSNR (35 \u12f2\u1262\u1262) \u1208\u12b3\u1295\u1270\u121d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1219\u12a8\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1290\u12cd\u1363 \u1235\u121c\u1273\u12ca \u1260\u1206\u1291 \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12f5\u121d\u133d\u1295 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u122d\u1240\u1275 \u12f3\u1230\u1233 \u1218\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1240\u1325\u1240\u1325 \u12ad\u1275\u1275\u120d\u1363 \u12a81000 \u12aa\u120e \u121c\u1275\u122d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u126025 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 OSNR \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1270\u121b\u1218\u1293\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1361 \u1260\u120b\u1241 \u120b\u1266\u122b\u1276\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134d\u1295 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u12eb\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u1320\u1295\u12ab\u122b OSNR (20 \u12f2\u1262\u1262) \u12a8500 \u12aa.\u121c \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u1260\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12f0\u1205\u1295\u1290\u1271 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1260\u1240 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u12f5\u121d\u133d-\u1290\u133b \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12e8\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u1278\u130b\u122a \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1208 10 Gbps \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121b\u121b\u129d\u1290\u1275 15 dB OSNR \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1209.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1361 \u1260\u12a4\u120c\u12ad\u1275\u122e\u121b\u130d\u1294\u1272\u12ad \u1323\u120d\u1243\u1308\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1246\u12eb\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OSNR \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u133d\u12d5\u1296 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u1229 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1260\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u122d\u12ab\u1273 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1260 OSNR \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u133d\u12d5\u1296 \u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u122b\u1209\u1361<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u121b\u1309\u12eb \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u1270\u1320\u130b \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 (50 \u12aa\u121c) OSNR \u12602-3 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12eb\u123b\u123d\u120b\u120d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12c8\u132a\u1295 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d; 100 \u12aa\u121c \u1218\u12f0\u1260\u129b \u1290\u12cd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 \u126040 \u127b\u1293\u120e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1320\u134d\u1323\u134b\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 (&lt;1dB \u120d\u12e9\u1290\u1275) \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1325\u122b\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b-\u12aa\u1233\u122b \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d (0.15 \u12f2\u1262\u1262\/\u12aa\u121c) OSNR\u1295 \u12605 \u12f2\u1263\u1262 \u12a8\u1218\u12f0\u1260\u129b 0.2 \u12f2\u1262\u1262\/\u12aa\u121c \u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u130b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1276\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1209 \u1240\u1325\u1270\u129b \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u1345\u12d5\u1296\u12ce\u127d OSNR \u12602-4 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u1209.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1295\u12f5\u134d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275 \u121b\u12ab\u12ab\u123b \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1235\u1205\u1270\u1275 \u121b\u1235\u1270\u12ab\u12a8\u12eb (FEC) \u12cd\u1324\u1273\u121b OSNR \u12606 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u130b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u12ca \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 \u12e8FEC \u1308\u12f0\u1266\u127d BER\u1295 \u12a810^-3 \u12c8\u12f0 10^-15 \u12eb\u123b\u123d\u120b\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u121d\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u12dd\u121b\u121a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u12a8\u12a6\u1308\u1235\u1275 2025 \u1300\u121d\u122e OSNR \u12a8\u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1265 \u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1276\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u123b\u123b\u1208 \u1290\u12cd\u1361-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u1270\u1218\u1296\u127d<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>800 Gbps and 1 Tbps systems will demand OSNR > 30 dB, driving innovations in amplifier technology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u120d \u121b\u1233\u1230\u1262\u12eb\u1361- \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1301 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ee\u127d \u12e8 OSNR \u12e8 5 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u121b\u123b\u123b\u12eb\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a8\u12a0\u1201\u1291 \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1320\u12ed\u1243\u1209\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12b3\u1295\u1270\u121d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad\u1235<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quantum key distribution needs OSNR > 35 dB to ensure photon integrity over 100 km.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1361 \u1260\u121a\u1240\u1325\u1208\u12cd \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5 \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12f0\u1205\u1295\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u130b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u12a2\u1290\u122d\u1302 \u12cd\u1324\u1273\u121b\u1290\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12f5\u121d\u133d \u121b\u1309\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1283\u12ed\u120d \u134d\u1306\u1273\u1295 \u1260 10% \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u1209, \u12a8 2025 \u12a0\u1228\u1295\u1313\u12f4 \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12ed\u1323\u1323\u121b\u1209.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1274\u12ad\u1292\u12ab\u12ca \u121b\u1235\u1273\u12c8\u123b\u1361 \u12e8 OSNR \u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u1309\u120b\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u126020% \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI \u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1275<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u12e8\u121b\u123d\u1295 \u1218\u121b\u122d \u12e8 OSNR \u12cd\u12f5\u1240\u1275\u1295 \u12ed\u1270\u1290\u1265\u12eb\u120d\u1363 \u12e8\u1325\u1308\u1293 \u1218\u122d\u1203 \u130d\u1265\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u126015% \u12eb\u123b\u123d\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1361 \u1295\u1241 \u12e8\u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1265 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d\u1295 \u12ed\u12f0\u130d\u134b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u121b\u1320\u1243\u1208\u12eb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>OSNR \u1260\u1274\u120c\u12ae\u1219\u1292\u12ac\u123d\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120b\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1233\u12ed\u1295\u1233\u12ca \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a2\u1295\u12f1\u1235\u1275\u122a \u12a0\u1355\u120a\u12ac\u123d\u1296\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121d\u120d\u12ad\u1275 \u1325\u122b\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1325 \u1260\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12f2\u1262 \u1232\u1208\u12ab \u1260\u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u1203\u12ed\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u132b\u132b\u1273 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u121a\u12db\u1295 \u12eb\u1295\u1340\u1263\u122d\u1243\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u121c\u1275\u122e \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a815 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 35 \u12f2\u1262\u1262 \u1260\u12b3\u1295\u1270\u121d \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1218\u12f1 \u12a5\u1234\u1276\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1275\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u121b\u1309\u12eb \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u1325\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12f2\u12db\u12ed\u1295 \u1260 OSNR \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u133d\u12d5\u1296 \u12eb\u1233\u12f5\u122b\u1209\u1363 \u12e8\u12c8\u12f0\u134a\u1275 \u12a0\u12dd\u121b\u121a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12cd\u1202\u1265 \u1270\u1218\u1296\u127d\u1363 \u12e8\u12b3\u1295\u1270\u121d \u12a0\u1355\u120a\u12ac\u123d\u1296\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1246\u1323\u1262 \u1295\u12f5\u134e\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1218\u1208\u12ad\u1273\u1209\u1362 \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ae\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1275 \u1208\u121a\u1348\u120d\u1309 \u1263\u1208\u1219\u12eb\u12ce\u127d OSNR\u1295 \u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d \u1241\u120d\u134d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u120b\u1241 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1204\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260CommMesh \u12eb\u1235\u1231\u1362<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1260\u134d\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u12f0\u130d \u120b\u12ed \u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12ae\u1219\u1292\u12ac\u123d\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u12ad\u12a0 \u121d\u12f5\u122b\u12ca \u12a0\u1240\u121b\u1218\u1325 \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u1232\u130d\u1293\u120d \u12c8\u12f0 \u132b\u132b\u1273 \u122c\u123e (OSNR) \u12e8\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275\u1295 \u1325\u122b\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u121b\u121b\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u1235\u1295 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb \u1206\u1296 \u12ed\u1246\u121b\u120d\u1362 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12a8\u12a6\u1308\u1235\u1275 2025 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u1208\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1218\u1270\u120b\u1208\u134a\u12eb \u12ed\u12d8\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u130d\u134a\u1275 - \u1260 5\u1302 \u1363 \u1260Cloud \u12ae\u121d\u1352\u12cd\u1270\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u120b\u1240 \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d - \u1320\u1295\u12ab\u122b \u12e8\u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ab\u120d \u12a0\u12cd\u1273\u1228 \u1218\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122f\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u120b\u120d\u1349 \u12e8\u134b\u12ed\u1260\u122d \u12a6\u1355\u1272\u12ad \u1232\u1235\u1270\u121d [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4281,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Understanding OSNR: A Key Metric in Optical 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