{"id":4278,"date":"2025-08-21T10:42:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T10:42:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/?p=4278"},"modified":"2025-10-11T09:04:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T09:04:10","slug":"understanding-osnr-a-key-metric-in-optical-communication","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/ar\/understanding-osnr-a-key-metric-in-optical-communication\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0647\u0645 OSNR: \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (OSNR) \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2025\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 - \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 - \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 400 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (OSNR) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (OSNR) \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 CommMesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 OSNR \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (OSNR) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 (dB). \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0645 (ASE) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0636\u062e\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0636\u062e\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 (EDFAs). \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/ar\/fibre-optic-signal-loss-and-attenuation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.2 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\/\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a (<a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/ar\/what-is-wavelength-division-multiplexing-wdm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/a>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u062a (BER) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10^-12. \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR.jpg\" alt=\"\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0633 \u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-4281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-768x522.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/OSNR-600x408.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0633 \u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a OSNR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 OSNR \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OSNR = 10\u22c5log\u206110(\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 P) OSNR = 10 \\cdot \\log_{10} \\left( \\frac{\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 P}}}{\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 P}}} \\right) OSNR = 10\u22c5log10\u200b(\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 P)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b Psignal \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648Pnoise \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 0.1 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (12.5 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1550 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645 (ASE)<\/strong>:\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 EDFAs\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 80-100 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 WDM \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong>:\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.1 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645 OSNR \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629: 20\u201330 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 40 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648: 15-25 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (OSNR) \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 OSNR \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 10^-12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10^-9\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 OSNR \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 35 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 400 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 OSNR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (OSNR) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (OSAs)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 0.1 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-G.697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ITU-T G.697<\/a> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 OSNR \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 DWDM\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.1 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a WDM \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 99%\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>400 Gbps systems require OSNR > 25 dB, while 100 Gbps needs > 18 dB, per industry benchmarks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a OSNR \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 OSNR \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 OSNR \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 EDFA \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0644 80 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 OSNR \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 5G.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 OSNR \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Short-range links (100\u2013500 m) require OSNR > 20 dB to handle 100 Gbps traffic in multimode fibers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 OSNR \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 400 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 OSNR \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (35 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 25 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 1000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 OSNR \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a (20 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644) \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 15 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 OSNR \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 OSNR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 OSNR \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 (50 \u0643\u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 2-3 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b 100 \u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 (\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 &lt;1 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644) \u0639\u0628\u0631 40 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 (0.15 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\/\u0643\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (OSNR) \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 5 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 0.2 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\/\u0643\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 2-4 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a (FEC) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 OSNR \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 6 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a FEC \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 10^-3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10^-15.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2025\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 OSNR \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>800 Gbps and 1 Tbps systems will demand OSNR > 30 dB, driving innovations in amplifier technology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (OSNR) \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quantum key distribution needs OSNR > 35 dB to ensure photon integrity over 100 km.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10%\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 OSNR \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 OSNR\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 15%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (OSNR) \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 15 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u064835 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (OSNR)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (OSNR) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a CommMesh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 (OSNR) \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2025\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a - \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 - \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4281,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Understanding OSNR: A Key Metric in Optical 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