{"id":3191,"date":"2025-03-31T09:25:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T09:25:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/?p=3191"},"modified":"2025-04-03T06:43:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T06:43:15","slug":"how-do-optical-fiber-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/how-do-optical-fiber-work\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 mang internet si\u00eau nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n? Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn phim hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi video, <em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd chia nh\u1ecf <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u\u2014bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb g\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m hay ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb CommMesh, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> v\u00e0 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1p quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ec th\u1ebf, <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? V\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t <em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin\u2014h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n pin, nh\u01b0ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. B\u00ean trong c\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a m\u1ecfng\u2014g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00f5i\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. L\u00f5i truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, xung \u1edf 1310 nm\u2014trong khi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 gi\u1eef \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ean trong th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00f5i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00ean 42\u00b0\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi u\u1ed1n cong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/How-Do-Optical-Fiber-Work.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/How-Do-Optical-Fiber-Work.jpg\" alt=\"S\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\" class=\"wp-image-3194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/How-Do-Optical-Fiber-Work.jpg 950w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/How-Do-Optical-Fiber-Work-300x147.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/How-Do-Optical-Fiber-Work-768x376.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/How-Do-Optical-Fiber-Work-600x294.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">S\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra: m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, lu\u1ed3ng video\u2014th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c xung \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng tia laser ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n LED. C\u00e1c xung \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n qua <em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em>\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 20 km v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 0,2 dB\/km\u2014cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u kia, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 ONT, ~$100) bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 1 Gbps cho TV c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10 Gbps tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 100 km v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u2014l\u00e0m <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 internet, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> l\u00e0: <em>c\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng<\/em>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129. <em>C\u00e1p quang<\/em> kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt\u2014kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y gi\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 120V trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ean trong\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i 1550 nm\u2014v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 1 mW cho m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho da ho\u1eb7c m\u1eaft khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t <em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em> v\u1edbi tia laser c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 10 mW trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m\u2014n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh th\u1ee7y tinh nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft s\u1ee3i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <em><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/fiber-optic-cable-splice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang<\/a><\/em>\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da ho\u1eb7c m\u1eaft n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u0103ng tay $5 v\u00e0 k\u00ednh an to\u00e0n $10 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> an to\u00e0n\u2014CommMesh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd <em>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-optic-cable-vs-copper-cable.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-optic-cable-vs-copper-cable.jpg\" alt=\"c\u00e1p quang so v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng\" class=\"wp-image-3206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-optic-cable-vs-copper-cable.jpg 800w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-optic-cable-vs-copper-cable-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-optic-cable-vs-copper-cable-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-optic-cable-vs-copper-cable-600x334.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">c\u00e1p quang so v\u1edbi c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft: <em>c\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng<\/em>? Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng\u2014v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Cat6 mang 48V cho Ethernet\u2014<em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2014c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00fat n\u00e0o\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf 1000V. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n - v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n - ch\u1ea1y 10 km m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho <em>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n trong b\u00e3o\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thanh thu l\u00f4i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn $500 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y trong b\u00e3o. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c nguy hi\u1ec3m\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\u2014m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tia l\u1eeda\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y kh\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1p quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o <em>c\u00e1p quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u00ec<\/em>. M\u1ed8T <em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i\u2014l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft (silica) ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 9 micron cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n\u2014n\u01a1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, xung 1310 nm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp k\u00ednh xung quanh l\u00f5i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 125 micron\u2014c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 1,46 so v\u1edbi 1,48\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ean trong th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp nh\u1ef1a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 250 micron\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u00ednh\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh <em>m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c1o kho\u00e1c:<\/strong> L\u1edbp v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, PVC ho\u1eb7c polyethylene\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00e0y 3 mm\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng IP68 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i aramid\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Kevlar\u2014\u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c c\u0103ng 1000N trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh trong <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> r\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 99.999% <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">silic<\/a>\u2014\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 0,2 dB\/km\u2014l\u00e0m cho <em>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 100 km v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\u2014kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m 10 dB\/km c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber.jpg\" alt=\"ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1\" class=\"wp-image-3209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/fiber-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em> l\u00e0: <em>c\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng<\/em>? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u2014kh\u00f4ng theo ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. <em>C\u00e1p quang<\/em> mang theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u1edf 1550 nm\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/xrays.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tia X<\/a> ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/ems\/12_gammarays\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tia gamma<\/a>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, r\u1ee7i ro ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m 1 Gy. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng trong <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ion h\u00f3a\u2014t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e8n pin\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1 mW\u2014v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong c\u00e1p\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ecb c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u1ea3\u2014kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u00e1t ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 1 V\/m \u1edf 1m\u2014l\u00e0m cho <em>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5u\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y 50 kV. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1p b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 1550 nm l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p\u2014kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm l\u00e0 10 eV tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i photon. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1\u2014an to\u00e0n cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u1ea3 c\u00e1p quang FTTH \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 1 km m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1p quang l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp <em>s\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n. <em>C\u00e1p quang<\/em> cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 10 Gbps so v\u1edbi 1 Gbps c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2014tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t xa\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 100 km v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c suy hao 0,2 dB\/km\u2014ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho <em>c\u00e1p quang b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng<\/em> gi\u1ed1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/what-is-ftth\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FTTH<\/a>. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u do b\u00e3o\u2014kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u 20% khi tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb 1G l\u00ean 10G PON kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1p m\u1edbi\u2014ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m $5000\/km so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i d\u00e2y l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> c\u0169ng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 1 W m\u1ed7i km so v\u1edbi 10 W c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2014t\u1ed1t cho h\u00e0nh tinh\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 90% CO2 \u00edt h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft 10 km. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng 100 km\u2014\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 500m <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/om1-vs-om2-vs-om3-vs-om4-vs-om5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OM4<\/a> ch\u1ea1y\u2014<em>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2014CommMesh t\u1ea1i CommMesh cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i quang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>S\u1ee3i quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>? Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u2014s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi th\u00ec th\u1ea7m truy\u1ec1n \u0111i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch <em>c\u00e1p quang<\/em> truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao <em>c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a internet hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u2014nhanh ch\u00f3ng, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng hay ch\u1ec9 t\u00f2 m\u00f2, <em>c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>. L\u1ea7n t\u1edbi khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1p quang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 mang internet si\u00eau nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a? Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh nh\u1ecf x\u00edu n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn phim hay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi video, c\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trong [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"34","_seopress_titles_title":"How Do Optical Fiber Work: A Simple Guide - CommMesh","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3191"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3290,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191\/revisions\/3290"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}