{"id":3528,"date":"2025-04-19T06:23:48","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T06:23:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/?p=3528"},"modified":"2025-04-19T08:31:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T08:31:55","slug":"difference-between-step-index-and-graded-index-fibre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/difference-between-step-index-and-graded-index-fibre\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i Step Index v\u00e0 Graded Index"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1p quang<\/em> qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>. Hai c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p quang<\/em><\/a> \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i qua ch\u00fang. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> V\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb CommMesh, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p quang<\/em>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed8T b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00f5i\u2014ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u2014c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ebb cong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f5i. L\u00f5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra ranh gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc n\u00e9t. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t n\u00e0y, hay \u201cb\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d trong chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, d\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa l\u00f5i v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed8T s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m ra r\u00eca. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh b\u1ebb cong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n khi b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n ra ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c tia khi ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u1ee3i. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p quang<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> V\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1p quang<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 internet \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh y t\u1ebf. Hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1p quang<\/em> cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i Step Index v\u00e0 Graded Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f5i v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>, l\u00f5i duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng u\u1ed1n cong theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong l\u00f5i. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 bao quanh n\u00f3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i qua l\u00f5i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00f5i \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn, theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1p quang<\/em> d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 m\u00e9o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f5i v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed8T s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> c\u00f3 l\u00f5i m\u00e0 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m ra r\u00eca. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gradient: t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i b\u1ebb cong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ebb cong n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n khi b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n ra ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n do gradient \u1edf l\u00f5i. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1eb1n ngo\u00e8o s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n khi ch\u00fang di chuy\u1ec3n qua s\u1ee3i. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y trong s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e9o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00ean s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i qua ch\u00fang. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>, c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng di chuy\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng b\u00ean trong l\u00f5i, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfi ranh gi\u1edbi l\u00f5i-l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. V\u00ec c\u00e1c tia kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111i theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau\u2014m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c d\u1ed1c h\u01a1n\u2014ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, tr\u01a1n tru. C\u00e1c tia s\u1ebd \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh trong b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ebb cong tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda trung t\u00e2m, di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh n\u01a1i chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tia \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01a1n \u1edf cu\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1p quang<\/em>. TRONG c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t cao tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i Step Index v\u00e0 Graded Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

TRONG b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 tia s\u00e1ng \u0111i qua d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tia \u0111i th\u1eb3ng xu\u1ed1ng trung t\u00e2m trong khi nh\u1eefng tia kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u1ecfi ranh gi\u1edbi l\u00f5i-l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, ch\u00fang bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u lan r\u1ed9ng ra, l\u00e0m m\u1edd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n. Trong c\u00e1p quang<\/em>, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng\u2014l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang\u2014v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> \u00edt l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1n cong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c trong l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tia \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n (g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh) di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00ec chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e1c tia \u1edf trung t\u00e2m di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian di chuy\u1ec3n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c tia \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1p quang<\/em>, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>. TRONG c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nhanh ch\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n do \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cao, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m. S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0a th\u00edch cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i Step Index v\u00e0 Graded Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i s\u1ee3i Step Index t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1p quang<\/em> cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng\u2014n\u01a1i s\u1ee3i d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng gian\u2014ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng c\u1ef1 ly ng\u1eafn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, n\u01a1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN) k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u01a1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>. B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng LAN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i Step Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i Step Index<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m do thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u00ec l\u00f5i c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i\u2014n\u1ed1i hai s\u1ee3i v\u1edbi nhau\u2014v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i Step Index<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> \u00edt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, so v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1p quang<\/em>. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> n\u00eau b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng: b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n khi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> cung c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em>. TRONG c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> TRONG c\u00e1p quang<\/em> d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p quang<\/em>, l\u00e0m s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, n\u01a1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh s\u1ee3i Step Index v\u00e0 Graded Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cao h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, cho ph\u00e9p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u00ec l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gradient ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1p quang<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng c\u1ef1 ly ng\u1eafn, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao. S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng LAN. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> gi\u00fap l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1p quang<\/em> cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh: S\u1ee3i Step Index so v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i Graded Index<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n so s\u00e1nh b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> V\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o<\/th>B\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u1ec9 S\u1ed1 S\u1ee3i<\/th>S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t<\/td>L\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t<\/td>Gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/td>Cao, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/td>B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p, cao h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
B\u0103ng th\u00f4ng<\/td>Th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y ng\u1eafn<\/td>Cao h\u01a1n, cho c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y trung b\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr>
Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/td>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n<\/td>\u0110\u1eaft h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr>
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p<\/td>M\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> v\u00ec c\u00e1p quang<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i Step Index v\u00e0 Graded Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> V\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u1eafn, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p\u2014nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u1ecf\u2014b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1p quang<\/em> \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>. B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u01a1n, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n khi chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao c\u00e1p quang<\/em> \u1edf trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> n\u01a1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> TRONG c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em>, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i Step Index v\u00e0 Graded Index<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1p quang<\/em> trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u0103ng th\u00eam kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1p quang<\/em>. TRONG c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> V\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em> B\u1eb0NG c\u00e1p quang<\/em> h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng 5G v\u00e0 Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt (IoT), th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: S\u1ee3i Step Index hay Graded Index\u2014S\u1ee3i n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe h\u01a1i nhanh\u2014m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>. B\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i<\/em> cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1p quang<\/em>, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, ng\u1eafn. S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/em> mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p quang<\/em> TRONG c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i quang<\/em>. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed hay hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee3i quang d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao ti\u1ebfp<\/a>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1p quang<\/em>\u2014gi\u1eef k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1p quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nhanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3i quang c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p quang n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1p quang, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"34","_seopress_titles_title":"Difference Between Step Index and Graded Index Fibre","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3528"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3537,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3528\/revisions\/3537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}