{"id":4000,"date":"2025-07-24T06:08:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T06:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/?p=4000"},"modified":"2025-08-19T10:12:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T10:12:08","slug":"principle-of-fiber-optic-splicing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/principle-of-fiber-optic-splicing\/","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1p quang l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c suy hao t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ee3i quang - m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong> V\u00e0 <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang<\/strong>v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb CommMesh, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed1i hai s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p quang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn quang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ea1ng, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p trong trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c l\u00f5i th\u1ee7y tinh si\u00eau nh\u1ecf (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 8\u201362,5 \u03bcm) m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u suy hao v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. N\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o r\u1eddi) v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fiber-Optic-Splicing.jpeg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fiber-Optic-Splicing.jpeg\" alt=\"N\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang\" class=\"wp-image-4006\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fiber-Optic-Splicing.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fiber-Optic-Splicing-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fiber-Optic-Splicing-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">N\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y xoay quanh vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng truy\u1ec1n qua s\u1ee3i quang, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong l\u00f5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u00f5i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1,46) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1,44). B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m (0,1\u20130,5 dB) ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (-50 \u0111\u1ebfn -70 dB), l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed1i\u2014n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc\u2014gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang<\/strong> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 suy hao th\u1ea5p, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>S\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (l\u1edbp v\u1ecf, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 l\u1edbp k\u00ednh tr\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 125 \u03bcm v\u1edbi l\u00f5i 8\u201310 \u03bcm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft s\u1ee3i quang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng\u2014s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dao c\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft \u1edf g\u00f3c 90\u00b0 v\u1edbi dung sai 0,5\u00b0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1eb3ng. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng suy hao th\u00eam 0,2 dB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n isopropyl c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 10 \u03bcm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1ee5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1c <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quang h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i 400 l\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi micron (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u00b10,1 \u03bcm).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ngang, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng -60 dB ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o r\u00e3nh ch\u1eef V nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n (t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t 0,5\u20131 dB).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u1ed1i quang<\/strong>: H\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (6000\u20138000\u00b0C) l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i quang, k\u1ebft d\u00ednh ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c suy hao th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 0,01 dB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gel kh\u1edbp ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ee3i quang, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c suy hao t\u1eeb 0,1\u20130,3 dB. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o (600\u20131000 N) v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (-40\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 85\u00b0C).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1.jpg\" alt=\"N\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang\" class=\"wp-image-3232\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splicing-1-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">N\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u1ed1i quang<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ed3 quang c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i quang n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed3 quang (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2\u201315 gi\u00e2y) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (10\u201320 mA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t<\/strong>: 0,01\u20130,05 dB, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho s\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u01a1n mode trong m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong>: Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao <strong>m\u00e1y n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong> (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Fujikura 70S+) c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00f5i th\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi 90%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: C\u00e1p ng\u1ea7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n 5G v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 hao h\u1ee5t th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 1000 N).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/strong>: Chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao ($5000\u2013$10.000 cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y) v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itu.int\/rec\/T-REC-G.652\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ITU G.652<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/strong>: C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ee3i quang b\u1eb1ng r\u00e3nh ch\u1eef V v\u00e0 gel kh\u1edbp chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t (chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t ~1,45) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t<\/strong>: 0,1\u20130,3 dB, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong>: M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ($50\u2013$200) ho\u1eb7c di \u0111\u1ed9ng <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong> b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 FTTH (C\u00e1p quang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u00e0) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i<\/strong>: Nhanh (5\u201310 ph\u00fat), kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/strong>: T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n (l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o 200\u2013400 N) v\u00e0 gel b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Suy hao (dB)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o (N)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>N\u1ed1i quang<\/td><td>0,01\u20130,05<\/td><td>1000<\/td><td>Cao<\/td><td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>N\u1ed1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/td><td>0,1\u20130,3<\/td><td>200\u2013400<\/td><td>Th\u1ea5p<\/td><td>S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, FTTH<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang<\/strong> l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00f5i<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng camera k\u00e9p (zoom 400x\u2013600x) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u00f5i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi 0,1 \u03bcm, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed3 quang<\/strong>: C\u00e1c h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng vi x\u1eed l\u00fd (10\u201320 mA, 2\u201315 gi\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 20\u201380% RH).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i<\/strong>: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/what-is-otdr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">M\u00e1y \u0111o OTDR<\/a> (M\u00e1y \u0111o ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 mi\u1ec1n th\u1eddi gian quang h\u1ecdc) d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c suy gi\u1ea3m (\u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,01\u20130,1 dB), h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/strong>: M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng pin (300\u2013500 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n s\u1ea1c) v\u00e0 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho h\u01a1n 1000 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong>: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m Fujikura 90S+ ($8000) v\u00e0 Sumitomo TYPE-71C+ ($6000), cung c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi gian n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb 6\u20139 gi\u00e2y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>: Tri\u1ec3n khai h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 100 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i\/ng\u00e0y \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n) v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splice.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"668\" src=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splice.jpg\" alt=\"M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang\" class=\"wp-image-3230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splice.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splice-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splice-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commmesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Fiber-Fusion-Splice-600x401.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng n\u00ean tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u1ed1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &lt;50% RH, 10\u201330\u00b0C) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i quang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c suy hao th\u00eam 0,2 dB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/product\/fiber-optic-splice-closure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n <strong>m\u00e1y n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong> H\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c (thay th\u1ebf sau 4000 h\u1ed3 quang). Th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh b\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c suy hao l\u00ean 0,1 dB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u00e1y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 0\u201340\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng OTDR, nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau suy hao &lt;0,1 dB v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 &lt;-60 dB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ef1c quan b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i 200 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong h\u1ed9p k\u00edn (\u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n IP68) v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 0,9\u20131,2 m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t 50 kN\/m\u00b2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng co nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, t\u0103ng th\u00eam 200 N \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><em>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1eef ch\u1ed7 3: V\u1ecf b\u1ecdc m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i trong r\u00e3nh<\/em><br><em>Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: V\u1ecf b\u1ecdc m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 1,0 m\u00e9t, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u00edn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u00f5i &gt;0,5 \u03bcm g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t 0,2 dB. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang<\/strong> v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/strong>: C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i (10 \u03bcm) t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: Lau s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n isopropyl 99% v\u00e0 kh\u0103n lau kh\u00f4ng x\u01a1 v\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: Chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u1eeb -20\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 60\u00b0C) l\u00e0m y\u1ebfu li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng tia UV ho\u1eb7c <a href=\"https:\/\/dekam-fiber.com\/armored-fiber-optic-cable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">c\u00e1p b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1<\/strong>: M\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang cao c\u1ea5p ($5000+) h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: Thu\u00ea t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc cho nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, h\u00e3y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a CommMesh ngay h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang\u2014c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00f5i s\u1ee3i quang v\u1edbi suy hao t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u2014l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Cho d\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi <strong>m\u00e1y h\u00e0n c\u00e1p quang<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,01 dB ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nhanh ch\u00f3ng, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn <strong>m\u00e1y n\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i quang<\/strong> v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1i <a href=\"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao ti\u1ebfp<\/a>, n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1p quang l\u00e0 huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c suy hao t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ee3i quang - m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y n\u1ed1i c\u00e1p quang v\u00e0 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Principle of Fiber Optic Splicing: A Detailed Guide","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4000","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4000"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4257,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4000\/revisions\/4257"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3013"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commmesh.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}